PFAS Origin
PFAS can be present in our water, soil, air, and food as well as in materials found in our homes or workplaces, including:
Drinking Water
In public drinking water systems and private drinking water wells.
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Soil and Water
Soil and water at or near waste sites - at landfills, disposal sites, and hazardous waste sites such as those that fall under the federal Superfund and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act programs.
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Fire Extinguishing Foam
In aqueous film-forming foams (or AFFFs) used to extinguish flammable liquid-based fires. Such foams are used in training and emergency response events at airports, shipyards, military bases, firefighting training facilities, chemical plants, and refineries.
Chemical Production Facilities
Manufacturing or chemical production facilities that produce or use PFAS – for example at chrome plating, electronics, and certain textile and paper manufacturers.
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Food
For example in fish caught from water contaminated by PFAS and dairy products from livestock exposed to PFAS.​
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Food Packaging
For example in grease-resistant paper, fast food containers/wrappers, microwave popcorn bags, pizza boxes, and candy wrappers.
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Household Products & Dust
For example in stain and water-repellent used on carpets, upholstery, clothing, and other fabrics; cleaning products; non-stick cookware; paints, varnishes, and sealants.​
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Personal Care Products
For example in certain shampoo, dental floss, and cosmetics.​
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Biosolids
For example fertilizer from wastewater treatment plants that is used on agricultural lands can affect ground and surface water and animals that graze on the land.
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